Substratum

(n.) That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.

(n.) The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.

伊万杰琳校对

• Some were refugee cities representing smashed communities, and in these the aboriginal substratum would be missing. 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯. 世界史纲.
• They are important only for the life of the body, which is but a fixed substratum for a higher life. 约翰·杜威. 民主与教育.

编辑:普鲁登斯